Search results for " water treatment"
showing 10 items of 21 documents
Assessing the Feasibility of Wastewater Finishing Treatment by Modified Sand Filters.
2014
The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of the modified biosand filtration at lab scale. The traditional biosand filter arrangement was modified adding a 2nd stage to the traditional single one. Pre-clarified wastewater first flows down through different filtration material layers; then flows upward in the second stage through other three - and finer - filtration layers including small gravel at the bottom, fine sand and small gravel again. During the experiment timespan (90 days) daily results were collected, analysed and tabled at the laboratories of the Publicly Owned Wastewater Treatment Station – Palermo, operated by AMAP. The analysis included bacteriological para…
Combination of different advanced oxidation processes and activated carbons for treatment of salt water
2015
Bilgewater is a corrosive polluted effluent from the bilge of ships that mainly originates from seawater infiltration and leakage of engine oil and fuel. Each year, thousands tons of hydrocarbons from bilge are discharged at sea. In order to prevent hydrocarbon discharge at sea from the bilge of ships, the Internation Maritime Organization (IMO) enacted the MARPOL 73/78 convention in which effluents are now limited to those with maximun oil content of 15 ppmv.
Microplastics in water, from treatment process to drinking water: analytical methods and potential health effects
2022
[Aim]: The commonly used analytical methods for microplastic (MPs) detection in drinking water and the threat of MP pollution in water intended for human consumption to human beings are presented through a systematic review. Furthermore, MP occurrence, transport, and fate from raw to treated drinking water, tap water, and bottled water, as well as the possible health impacts of MPs on human beings, are also evaluated. [Methods]: Systematic review included articles published in scientific journals that contain specific keywords in the title and were searched in Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus. The literature was selected and extracted by two reviewers based on the PRISMA-A guidelines, which …
Potential of interactive multiobjective optimization in supporting the design of a groundwater biodenitrification process
2019
The design of water treatment plants requires simultaneous analysis of technical, economic and environmental aspects, identified by multiple conflicting objectives. We demonstrated the advantages of an interactive multiobjective optimization (MOO) method over a posteriori methods in an unexplored field, namely the design of a biological treatment plant for drinking water production, that tackles the process drawbacks, contrarily to what happens in a traditional volumetric-load-driven design procedure. Specifically, we consider a groundwater denitrification biofilter, simulated by the Activated Sludge Model modified with two-stage denitrification kinetics. Three objectives were defined (nitr…
Experimental study of the anaerobic urban wastewater treatment in a submerged hollow-fibre membrane bioreactor at pilot scale
2011
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of several operational variables on both biological and separation process performance in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor pilot plant that treats urban wastewater. The pilot plant is equipped with two industrial hollow-fibre ultrafiltration membrane modules (PURON¿ Koch Membrane Systems, 30m 2 of filtration surface each). It was operated under mesophilic conditions (at 33°C), 70days of SRT, and variable HRT ranging from 20 to 6h. The effects of the influent COD/SO 4-S ratio (ranging from 2 to 12) and the MLTS concentration (ranging from 6 to 22gL -1) were also analysed. The main performance results were about 87% of COD removal, efflu…
Sensitivity analysis: fundamentals
2015
Sensitivity analysis (SA) is a valuable tool to support the use of mathematical models for environmental systems. Local or global SA (namely, LSA and GSA) are performed in order to better understand processes and to select the most influential factors affecting processes. The main objective of this extended abstract is to provide an informed problem statement of the issues surrounding LSA and GSA applications in the environmental water quality modelling field. Specifically, this paper aims at identifying, for the most popular methods, their potential use, the critical issues to be solved and the limits identified in a comprehensive literature review.
Biochemical profiling of temperate zone freshwater green microalgae grown in filtered and unfiltered recirculating aquaculture systems effluent and m…
2020
Viljelemällä mikroleviä kalojen kiertovesiviljelyn jätevedessä siitä voidaan poistaa ravinteita ja tuottaa niistä biomassaa. Menetelmää voidaan käyttää korvaamaan perinteistä jäteveden käsittelyä ja kehittämään vesiviljelyn kannattavuutta. Tässä työssä verrattiin kolmen eri viherlevälajin (Haematococcus pluvialis, Monoraphidium griffithii and Selenastrum sp.) kasvua, ravinteiden poistoa, sekä rasvahappo- ja aminohappoprofiileja, kun leviä kasvatettiin suodatetussa tai suodattamattomassa kiertovedessä tai levien elatusaineessa. Monoraphidium ja Selenastrum -lajien kasvunopeudet olivat pienemmät kiertovedessä (0.64 vrk-1 ja 0.50 vrk-1) kuin levien elatusaineessa (0.72 ja 0.59 vrk-1), mutta Ha…
Application of the Morris method for screening the influential parameters of fuzzy controllers applied to wastewater treatment plants
2011
In this paper,we evaluate the application of a sensitivity analysis to help fine-tuning a fuzzy controller for a biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal (BNPR) plant. TheMorris Screeningmethod is proposed and evaluated as a prior step to obtain the parameter significance ranking. First, an iterative procedure has been performed in order to find out the proper repetition number of the elementary effects (r) of the method. The optimal repetition number found in this study (r = 60) is in direct contrast to previous applications of the Morris method, which usually use low repetition number, e.g. r = 10 ~ 20. Working with a non-proper repetition number (r) could lead to Type I error (identify…
DSC: software tool for simulation-based design of control strategies applied to wastewater treatment plants.
2011
This paper presents a computer tool called DSC (Simulation based Controllers Design) that enables an easy design of control systems and strategies applied to wastewater treatment plants. Although the control systems are developed and evaluated by simulation, this tool aims to facilitate the direct implementation of the designed control system to the PC of the full-scale WWTP (wastewater treatment plants). The designed control system can be programmed in a dedicated control application and can be connected to either the simulation software or the SCADA of the plant. To this end, the developed DSC incorporates an OPC server (OLE for process control) which facilitates an open-standard communic…
Micropollutants removal in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor and in an aerobic conventional treatment plant
2012
The paper expresses an attempt to tackle the problem due to the presence of micropollutants in wastewater which may be able to disrupt the endocrine system of some organisms. These kinds of compounds are ubiquitously present in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. The aim of this paper is to compare the fate of the alkylphenols-APs (4-(tert-octyl)) phenol, t-nonylphenol and 4-p-nonylphenol and the hormones (estrone, 17ß-estradiol and 17¿-ethinylestradiol) in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) pilot plant and in a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (CTP). The obtained results are also compared with the results obtained in a previous stud…